Science & Technology

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the landing site of Chandrayaan-3 on August 23, 2023, would be called 'Shiv Shakti Point' representing the connection of humanitarian resolution and strength. [Memory Trick: 'Shiv' is the supreme cosmic energy and 'Shakti' represents the power of our female scientists on Chandrayaan-3!]

Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web to facilitate information sharing among scientists at different universities and institutes. [Memory Trick: Tim Berners-Lee 'burned' ('Berners') the borders of communication by 'weaving' ('Web') everyone together!]

Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union, triggering the Space Age and the famous Cold War Space Race. [Memory Trick: 'Sputnik' has 'S' and 'U', which stands for 'S'oviet 'U'nion!]

The Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, is India's primary orbital launch site due to its location on the East Coast. [Memory Trick: Rocket flight paths 'sri-har' (soar high) from 'Sriharikota'!]

CRISPR-Cas9 acts as genetic scissors, allowing scientists to cut and edit DNA sequences with extraordinary precision. [Memory Trick: 'CRISPR' sounds like 'Crisp', which means making clean, sharp biological 'cuts' to edit DNA!]

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai established the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, which later blossomed into ISRO. [Memory Trick: 'Vikram' means valor, and Sarabhai had the absolute courage of a 'hero' ('vira') to send India to space!]

The Higgs Boson is famously called the 'God Particle', named so after Nobel laureate Leon Lederman's book title, to highlight its elusive yet crucial nature. [Memory Trick: 'God' is everywhere yet hard to find, just like the elusive Higgs 'Boson' that gives shape to everything!]

Optical fibers use Total Internal Reflection (TIR) to transmit light pulses with minimal signal loss over immense distances. [Memory Trick: The light reflects 'totally' and remains locked 'internally' within the glass pipe!]

INS Vikrant is the first aircraft carrier designed by the Warship Design Bureau of the Indian Navy and manufactured by Cochin Shipyard. [Memory Trick: 'Vikrant' means victorious; the indigenously built 'V'-iant ship conquers the seas!]

C-DAC's 'PARAM' (meaning ultimate in Sanskrit) series represents the pinnacle of India's supercomputing development. [Memory Trick: 'PARAM' stands for 'Parampara' (the ultimate standard lineage) of supercomputers!]

LEDs convert electrical energy directly into light via electroluminescence, happening when electrons recombine with electron holes. [Memory Trick: 'Electro' (electricity) excites the diode, which emits 'luminescence' (light) without high heat!]

Biogas consists of about 50-75% Methane (CH4), which is clean-burning and highly efficient for domestic fuel purposes. [Memory Trick: Natural swamp gas or 'Gobar' gas relies on 'methanogenic' bacteria to make 'Methane'!]

On May 11, 1998, India successfully conducted three underground nuclear tests under the Pokhran-II (Operation Shakti) program. [Memory Trick: Pokhran tests 'May' ('May' 11) unleash a double 'May'-hem of absolute technological power!]

Liquid Sodium is utilized due to its excellent thermal conductivity, low vapor pressure, and low absorption of neutrons. [Memory Trick: Under 'Fast' breeding conditions, regular water boils off, so we need a highly conductive metal companion like liquid 'Sodium' (Na)!]

Cryogenic engines use Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) as fuel and Liquid Oxygen (LOX) as oxidizer at extremely low sub-zero temperatures. [Memory Trick: Clean, ultimate cosmic thrust = Hydrogen (highly combustible fuel) + Oxygen (glorious oxidizer)!]

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb hexagonal lattice, offering remarkable strength and conductivity. [Memory Trick: A 'Graph' is a flat sheet, just as 'Graphene' is a flat, single atomic layer of carbon!]

Tarapur Atomic Power Station is located in Tarapur, Palghar district of Maharashtra, built with technical aid from the United States. [Memory Trick: 'Ta-ra-pur' sounds like a cinematic 'star' city, suitable for the powerhouse of 'Mahar'ashtra!]

LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. [Memory Trick: A laser isn't spontaneous; atoms are 'Stimulated' via external energy to fire monochromatic light!]

In January 1960, Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descended in the Swiss-designed bathyscaphe 'Trieste' to the deepest spot on Earth. [Memory Trick: To reach the deep, you must 'try east' (or 'Trieste') over the Pacific Mariana trench!]

Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha was the founding director of TIFR and BARC, formulating India's unique three-stage nuclear power program. [Memory Trick: 'Homi' is the master who created the atomic 'home' ('Bhabha' atomic center) for India's self-reliance!]

Bluetooth operates globally in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band of 2.4 to 2.485 GHz. [Memory Trick: Bluetooth networking is easy as 2-4 (2.4 GHz) for short ranges!]

While three spheres can pinpoint a intersection point on Earth, a fourth satellite is absolutely necessary to correct the receiver's clock bias. [Memory Trick: You need 4 dimensions of spacetime data = Lat, Long, Alt, and Time, hence 4 satellites!]

RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, utilizing electromagnetic fields to automatically track and identify tags. [Memory Trick: Tags are 'Identified' easily via 'Radio' 'Frequency' waves!]

Aryabhata, named after the prominent 5th-century Indian mathematician, was built by ISRO to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy and aeronomy. [Memory Trick: India's legendary mathematician 'Aryabhata' became our stellar pioneer in space calculations!]

Control rods must absorb neutrons without fissioning themselves. Cadmium and Boron possess highly efficient neutron absorption cross-sections. [Memory Trick: 'Cadmium' and 'Boron' act as a 'C'-ontrol 'B'-rake for runaway nuclear reactions!]